Essere - "to be"
Stare - "to be" | "to stay" | "to stand"
both essere and stare are verbs and have similar meanings, which can be confusing.
for permanent state, qualities or essential characteristics.
forms of essere - [ present tense ]
Io sono italiano. (I am Italian.) Describes nationality or origin, a permanent quality.
Lei è mia sorella. (She is my sister.) Describes a relationship, which is considered permanent.
Lui è un insegnante. (He is a teacher.) Describes a profession, which can be seen as part of one’s identity.
Il cielo è blu. (The sky is blue.) Describes a quality of the sky, which is generally unchanging.
commonly used with the gerund to form the present continuous tense (equivalent to "am/are/is + -ing" in English).
for temporary states or conditions, but it can also mean "to stay" or "to remain."
forms of essere - [ present tense ]
Come stai? (How are you?) Describes a temporary condition or state, such as health or mood.
Io sto bene. (I am well.) Again, temporary well-being or health.
Stiamo a casa oggi. (We are staying home today.) Describes a temporary location.
Lui sta parlando. (He is talking.) Present continuous tense using stare + gerund.
Il libro sta sul tavolo. (The book is on the table.) Describes the location of something in the moment.